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M j 7 W Z Z W i m M 2 w z w j a MPEI'ERS, PHOTO LITHOGRAFH WASHINGTON n C UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WM. H BURNHAM AND B. HIBBARD, OF CORTLAND, NEW YORK.

CHURN.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 15,412, dated July 29, 1856.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, W. H. BURNHAM and B. HIBBARD, of Cortland village, in the county of Cortland and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Churns; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, Figure 1 being a transverse section of our improved churn in the line to w of Fig. 2; Fig. 2, a vertical section in the line 3 'J of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a vertical section inthe line co m of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 a vertical section of the churn dasher detached from the body of the churn.

Similar letters indicate like parts in all the drawings.

The body of our improved churn is a rectangular box, which may be constructed of any suitable material, and in any suitable manner.

The dasher of our improved churn is com posed of two frames which are constructed of rectangular slats or bars, that are combined with each other substantially in the manner represented in the drawings and hereinafter set forth.

The upper frame of the churn dasher, is composed of the horizontal parallel slats d, d, the connecting side-slats c, 0, and the central double handle-shafts a, a, which parts are framed into each other substantially as represented in the drawings. The lower frame of our churn dasher, is composed of the horizontal parallel slats e, e,

the side connecting slats f, f, and the central handle-shaft b,all of which are framed to each other substantially as represented in the accompanying drawings.

When the upper and lower frames composing our improved churn dasher are combined with each other the handle I), of the latter is embraced between the handles a, a, of the former, as represented in Figs. 3, and 4. .The upper ends of the handles a, a, of the upper frame of our improved churn dasher, rise some distance above the upper end of the handle 6, of the lower frame of said dasher, and the said handles a, a, receive between their upper ends the operating lever is, to which they are pivoted-as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. A key Z, passes through a mortise in the handle I), of the under wedge h, of suitable width, into the slots in the double handles a, a, above the upper end of the handle 6, which wedge, by its action upon the upper extremity of the handle 6, will force the key Z, in said handle, against the lower ends of the slots in the handles a, a, as shown in Fig. 4, and thereby retain the said frames in the aforesaid open position as long as may be desired.

The parallel bars composing the upper and lower frames of our improved churn dasher, are of such a width and arranged in such positions, that when the said frames are brought in contact with each other, narrow spaces will be left between the upper angles of the bars in the lower frame, and the lower angles of the bars of the upper frame.

The inner end of the operating lever is, of our churn dasher, is connected to an oscillating upright z,by means of a fulcrum pin. The said oscillating upright 2', is jointed to the platform which supports the body of the churn, in any suitable manner.

Before placing our improved churn dasher into the cream within the churn box, or be fore the said dasher is made to operate upon the cream, the wedge h, must be removed from its position in the slots in the handles a, a, of the upper frame of said dasher. Then, as the dasher is moved upward within the cream, the lower frame of said dasher will fall until the key Z, in the handle of said frame rests upon the lower ends of the slots in the handles of the upper frame of said dasheras shown in Figs. 2 and 4. Then when the dasher is forced downward, the lower frame of the dasher will be first arrested by the bottom of the box, which will cause the upper frame of the dasher to be driven violently in the contact with the lower frame thereof and by so doing, will cause the cream which is carried down before it, to be driven with percussive force into the spaces between the bars of the lower frame and thence up in thin sheets between the narrow spaces between the sides of the bars of the upper and lower dasher frames. Thereby more efficiently acting upon the cream than can be accomplished I by any other process known to us.

As soon as the operation of churning has entirely separated all the butter from the cream, the key it, should be again employed to retain the frames of the dasher in the open position shown in Fig. 4;then by operating the dasher in that condition, the butter will be rapidly gathered between and about the said frames. 

